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At the Spanish Grand Prix he reached Q3 for the first time, eventually qualifying in ninth position for the race. He then continued to have impressive qualifying pace with poor race pace at Britain, Germany, and Hungary, including a drive-through penalty at the latter for speeding in the pit lane. [80] On the second lap of the race Maldonado was in 7th but ran off track and hit a curb, sending a 17G shock through the car, which broke a clutch control valve, forcing him to retire. Ex-F1 driver Pastor Maldonado secures WEC LMP2 seat for 2018/19, Maldonado turned down uncompetitive F1 seat but return is possible, Maldonado turned down uncompetitive F1 seat but return is possible He scored his first points of the season by finishing eighth in China. Maldonado's PDVSA sponsorship was key in getting him a race drive for Lotus. Runs off the road by himself and damages the car on lap 14. Most famously, the Venezuelan failed to Go Orange. They finished third in their category in the championship. Many have actually trolled him and turned him into a joke for his antics and You would have thought hed have learned by now, but Maldonado suffered seven further crashes, and caused another that year. Maldonado takes out Esteban Gutierrez at the 2014 Bahrain Grand Prix. He has had at least 11 incidents minimum each season and a max of 16. Pastor Maldonado talking to F1 teams about 2017 return, Pastor Maldonado confirms F1 exit after losing Renault seat, Pastor Maldonado confirms F1 exit after losing Renault seat His misadventures have triggered countless parodies, memes, and even a website called hasmaldonadocrashedtoday.com. [50], On 28 November 2012, Maldonado was retained by Williams for the 2013 season, where he was partnered by Finnish rookie Valtteri Bottas. WebPastor Maldonado's reputation for crashing was fair, but the Venezuelan was far more complex than F1's social media world portrayed him. F1: Felipe Massa says Pastor Maldonado ruined his Bahrain GP charge, Bahrain GP: Pastor Maldonado "lost power" in F1 qualifying, Bahrain GP: Pastor Maldonado "lost power" in F1 qualifying F1. Maldonado's Lotus team described the incident as an "oops", but the stewards considered the incident to be serious so imposed a 5-second penalty on Maldonado. [4] Cram Competition also entered one round of the German Formula Renault Championship at Oschersleben. Crashes into the wall by himself in Practice 2. Miraculously, he bagged a seat with Lotus for 2014, driving under the lucky number 13 (things couldnt get worse for him, really), and promptly collided with Esteban Gutirrez at the Bahrain Grand Prix, causing him to roll and incurring a ten second stop-go penalty, three points on his FIA Super licence and a five place grid penalty at the following Chinese Grand Prix. On 29 November 2013, Maldonado was signed by the Lotus F1 team, to partner Romain Grosjean in 2014. Crashes into Paul di Resta on his way into pitlane and receives a penalty for doing so. whatever youd like to call it. After acknowledging Maldonado's speed, I asked Zuber for his ex-team-mate's greatest weakness. Pastor Maldonado to stay with Lotus Formula 1 team for 2015, Mercedes F1 move would not cure Lotus issues instantly - Maldonado, Mercedes F1 move would not cure Lotus issues instantly - Maldonado Pastor Maldonado calm about future if Renault swings F1 axe, Pastor Maldonado was eliminated from Belgian GP by 17G kerb impact, Pastor Maldonado was eliminated from Belgian GP by 17G kerb impact Before he entered Formula 1 as one of the series oldest rookies at 31, Ide won two kart championships, Japans Formula Dream series and the Super Endurance Race Class 3 Series, plus a handful of podium places. Pastor Maldonado working on plan B for 2017 if F1 impossible, Why Maldonado deserves another chance in F1, Why Maldonado deserves another chance in F1 Monaco 2015 race. Crashes into the wall at Turn 13 by himself in Practice 2. Maldonado received a five-place grid penalty for his actions and Hamilton a reprimand. Pastor Maldonado says Max Verstappen went too far in Austrian GP. WebAt Spa-Francorchamps, Maldonado crashed during the second free practice session; the force of the impact required Maldonado to have a precautionary check-up at the circuit's WebYes he has! Jolyon Palmer is ready for Formula 1 race debut - Pastor Maldonado, 2016 F1 season will be 'difficult' for Lotus/Renault - Maldonado, 2016 F1 season will be 'difficult' for Lotus/Renault - Maldonado Without KERS his car lost pace and he fell back to eventually finish fifth. [52] He failed to make it out of the first qualifying session at the first race, the Australian Grand Prix, and qualified in 17th position,[53] one place behind Bottas. As upsets go, Pastor Maldonado's 2012 Spanish Grand Prix win is one of the most unlikely F1 has seen. hide this ad (Not all incidents were Pastor's fault, and only incidents in the race are considered). Im quite sure he could have come off the accelerator, scooped the car up and probably saved $100,000s worth of damage over the length of his career. If others dont want to drive against him all they have to do is stay clear for a couple laps and hell crash out of position. All young drivers make mistakes but blatantly and repeatedly ignoring flags is a deliberate offence that is far worse than any simple error. In Hungary Maldonado lost control of his Lotus while heading to the grid, and in the race he crashed in to Jules Bianchi when attempting an overtake. That reckless attitude continued in Formula One as Maldonado seemingly rammed Lewis Hamilton (Qualifying, Belgium 2011) and Sergio Perez (Practice, Monaco 2012) when he grew frustrated with them. [74], At the Spanish Grand Prix, Maldonado was again involved in an incident he was hit by team mate Romain Grosjean, who had just returned to the track after missing a braking point, causing rear wing damage to Maldonado's car. Or not I dont think the BBC have enough budget for car repairs if he took that role. Maldonado won the first race, having started from second position.[22]. But in the race he scored his first point in Formula One with a tenth-place finish. You having a laugh mate? Barcelona F1 test: Maldonado fastest, Wolff and Nasr collide, Jerez F1 test: Pastor Maldonado calls 2015 Lotus totally different, Jerez F1 test: Pastor Maldonado calls 2015 Lotus totally different We all have our moments a little trip here, a little scrape there. Yes, he did, Pastor Maldonado retired on lap one after colliding with Lotus team-mate Romain Grosjean, whose race also ended because of the 2010 P. Maldonado "Pastor Maldonado claims his 'Crashtor' nickname is 'unlucky' and praises his 'big balls' in Formula One". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2015. ^ Rose, Gary (10 May 2015). "How the Spanish GP unfolded". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 17 August 2015. In Russia, he started in 14th position. Competition Where is the McLaren F1 Team based? Spins out of the race by himself at Turn 1 on lap 25. [62] During the race the following day, Maldonado was deemed to have caused a collision when trying to pass Marcus Ericsson, and was given a five-second stop-go penalty. [28], Towards the end of the 2010 season, Maldonado was linked to the Williams team for 2011, replacing former GP2 team-mate Nico Hlkenberg alongside Rubens Barrichello. He won the Italian title, with eight wins and six pole positions from seventeen starts. [92][93], Maldonado was originally due to continue with Lotus for 2016,[94] however, the team was bought by Renault, and Maldonado's contract was terminated following several problems with Maldonado's sponsor, PDVSA. His licence was revoked in May 2006, ending his short-lived F1 career. They had a baby girl in September 2013 and a second daughter in November 2017. He had a farcical sprint race in the wet at Silverstone he stalled on the dummy grid, picked up a penalty for speeding in the pitlane as he joined the race, another penalty for passing under yellow flags, and crashed into Adrin Valls and Kamui Kobayashi on the final lap. Venezuelan Pastor Maldonado celebrates his 36th birthday today. Amongst the current field of Grand Prix drivers there are none who receive more frequent criticism than Pastor Maldonado. They were the good things in my career. Made contact with Massa and damaged his front wing forcing him an early pit. In Hungary, Maldonado qualified eighth, but a poor start dropped him to twelfth after lap one and thirteenth after the pitstops. 2011 R. Grosjean, 2012 D. Valsecchi Di Resta retires. With so many talented young driverslike Stoffel Vandoorne and Pascal Wehrleinwaiting for drives, Maldonado is not going to earn another drive based on his performances over the last five years. Reached by email, Zuber described Maldonado as "super-quick." Lotus F1 team wants first-lap caution from Grosjean and Maldonado, Pastor Maldonado calm about future if Renault swings F1 axe, Pastor Maldonado calm about future if Renault swings F1 axe [45] Maldonado started the race in 22nd and finished in 11th, just 0.5 seconds behind Senna, who finished in the final points-paying position. He is then penalised for speeding through the pits whilst serving that penalty with another drive through penalty. A puncture ended his race in Bahrain, after he qualified in seventeenth position. [3] When Maldonado was four years old, he started competing in BMX racing and won a national championship. All drivers make mistakes, but Maldonado is put under far more scrutiny than others because of an unfair perception that has built up over time. Davidson: Maldonado WEC win his second best after Williams F1 victory, Ex-F1 driver Maldonado wants 'reset' after tough WEC debut at Spa, Ex-F1 driver Maldonado wants 'reset' after tough WEC debut at Spa This website is simple but it still has me chuckling. For causing the incident, Maldonado was given a ten-second stop-go penalty during the race, and after the race, three points on his FIA Super Licence, and a five-place grid penalty for the Chinese Grand Prix. Maldonado eventually finished sixteenth, a lap down on winner Mark Webber. Maldonado is a GP2 champion and a Grand Prix winner who can deliver strong results in decent machinery. Runs off the road and damages the car in Practice 2. When it comes to Maldonado's reputation, that sponsorship is part of his problem. The diffuser of Maldonado's car was damaged in the incident. He made four starts in the Italian F3000 Championship with Sighinolfi Auto Racing, in which one race win at the Autodromo dell'Umbria was enough to finish ninth overall. [85], At the Singapore Grand Prix, Maldonado ran off track, and when he rejoined he and Button collided. 553452, Sign up for event announcements and our weekly newsletter, By clicking submit you are accepting the terms of Goodwoods, Meet the man replacing Ian Callum at Jaguar, The knights of the racetrack aristocracy and royalty in motorsport, Introducing our longterm BMW F900R | GRR Garage, Video: Jaguar built a Hot Wheels track through the FType design studio, Message from The Duke of Richmond and Gordon, To add more children to this reserveration please contact. Barcelona F1 test: Pastor Maldonado fastest on day three for Lotus, Barcelona F1 test: Maldonado fastest, Wolff and Nasr collide, Barcelona F1 test: Maldonado fastest, Wolff and Nasr collide The result, he is one of the quickest and best liked drivers in F1 today. The next year, he was outshone by rookie team-mate Valtteri Bottas before moving to Lotus for 2014 and 2015, where he was again upstaged by his team-mate, Romain Grosjean. Maldonado's performances in FR3.5 were enough to attract the interest of GP2 teams, and he signed a contract to drive for Trident Racing in 2007 after a successful test in late 2006. [60] At the Chinese Grand Prix, Maldonado crashed into a wall in the pit lane during free practice. Pastor Maldonado says Lotus F1 team can regularly fight for points, Pastor Maldonado to stay with Lotus Formula 1 team for 2015, Pastor Maldonado to stay with Lotus Formula 1 team for 2015 Most Bizarre Pastor Maldonado Crashes in Formula One. 2020 M. Schumacher [7] Maldonado also found the time to enter one round of the now defunct Formula Renault V6 Eurocup at Spa-Francorchamps, with a best finish of fifth place. Maldonado appeared to swipe across Hamilton as they headed down to Eau Rouge. I cant think of another F1 driver who has consistently made very basic mistakes like that. [2], Maldonado's first experience of formula racing was in Italy in 2003. Follow me on Twitter for updates when I publish new articles and for other (mostly) F1-related news and banter: Pastor Maldonado at the 2015 Singapore Grand Prix. Le Mans 24 Hours: Pastor Maldonado crash causes long safety car, Davidson, Maldonado switch from DragonSpeed to Jota for '19/20, Davidson, Maldonado switch from DragonSpeed to Jota for '19/20 WebThe latest news about Pastor Maldonado from Autosport's team of world-leading journalists. WebMaldonado crashed at lot, certainly more frequently than his rivals, yet he was unable to accept blame or mend his ways. Maldonado recently lost his race seat at Lotus when the team was bought by Renault. In the end, he finished 8th. 2007 T. Glock thats correct. Analysis by F1 Fanatic shows Pastor Maldonado has incurred more than twice as many penalties as any other driver over the course of his 95-race F1 career. In the aftermath, Andrew Benson reminded BBC readers that Maldonado, "came into F1 with a reputation for being quick but fiery and a bit accident-prone." In 2010, he won the GP2 championship over Sergio Perez, Jules Bianchi and several other future F1 drivers. Top 10 F1 one-hit wonders ranked: Alesi, Maldonado and more, Top 10 F1 one-hit wonders ranked: Alesi, Maldonado and more When he ran wide during practice at the recent Australian Grand Prix, Mark Webber jumped on the opportunity to criticise Maldonado from the commentary box, but when other drivers ran wide there were no such comments. Pastor Maldonado recalls his Spanish GP win: 'It was my chance, my time'. "[79], Following the mid-season break during first practice at Spa, Maldonado crashed the car into the barriers. [6] In the European championship, he was classified eighth overall, with two wins. Maldonado then passed several drivers including Red Bull's Mark Webber and was running fourth in the closing stages of the race. "I don't see any concrete opportunity for Formula One this year," his agent, Nicolas Todt, told Reuters' Alan Baldwin. Collided with Bottas and received a puncture. Despite losing his seat to Magnussen, Maldonado still wants to race in F1. Maldonado was a target for a Campos Meta seat in 2010. Lotus' Pastor Maldonado crashed out of the opening round of the 2015 Formula 1 season, after he was clipped going into turn two of the Australian GP Speeds in the pitlane and receives a penalty for doing so. And while most drivers tend to stay as far away from the tyre wall as they possibly can, for a few the draw is almost magnetic. 26 likes. My favourite to date crashes into Perez in the first corner and is handed a drive through penalty. Entering the 2014 season, Lotus wanted to sign the talented Nico Hulkenberg, as then-team principal Eric Boullier told ESPN F1's Abhishek Takle,but the German could not offer any sponsorship cash. Over the next four races, he crashed out and retired twice, before engine failure brought him to a halt at the Hungarian Grand Prix. Bahrain 2015 race. All the technical issues made driver performance almost secondary, but Maldonados usual error-proneness contributed to the headaches with several practice crashes, race collisions with Gutierrez, Marcus Ericsson and Jules Bianchi and some avoidable procedure penalties. Maldonado was subsequently involved in a collision with Sergio Prez, which dropped him to last while Prez retired on the spot. He remains the most recent Williams driver to win a race as of December2022[update]. What do we expect at the 2015 Malaysian F1 Grand Prix? He spun off again during practice at Monaco, but that wasnt the worse accident to befall him that day. i think its a shame that the Venezuelan government keeps spending money on one of the worst if not the worst driver in F-1 !!!! A prominent Florida megachurch pastor has advised his congregants not to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, urging them to believe in divine immunity instead. Pastor Maldonado is better than he gets credit for says Lotus team, Pastor Maldonado says Lotus F1 team can regularly fight for points, Pastor Maldonado says Lotus F1 team can regularly fight for points Collides with Jean Eric Vergne and spins on lap 65. [70] At the Chinese Grand Prix, Maldonado suffered a brake issue that caused him to go off-track when entering the pits, and had to be recovered by the marshals. At Monaco, he received a ten-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Sergio Prez during a practice session (which subsequently may have led to Prez's crash in qualifying, which caused the session to be red-flagged) and an additional five-place penalty for a gearbox change, meaning he started 24th and last on the grid. At the Monaco Grand Prix, Maldonado was not able to profit from a season-best qualifying result of 8th due to a brake issue from the start of the race; Maldonado and Verstappen collided on the sixth lap, with Maldonado subsequently forced to retire from the race. Barcelona F1 test: Pastor Maldonado fastest for Lotus, Visit motorsport.com as usual with advertising and tracking. Pastor Rafael Maldonado Motta (Spanish pronunciation:[pasto maldonao]; born 9 March 1985) is a Venezuelan professional racing driver, who competed in Formula One for the Williams (20112013) and Lotus (20142015) teams and as a Pirelli test driver until 2017. Criticism now part of Lotus F1 driver Pastor Maldonado's life, Lotus F1 expecting "great things" from Maldonado after break, Lotus F1 expecting "great things" from Maldonado after break It was also his only podium finish and his only win in Formula One. [90] Maldonado ended the season with 27 points and 14th place in the Drivers' World Championship. Well definitely add his latest shenanigans, dont worry!!! Chilton is penalised. Belgian F1 GP: Grosjean, Maldonado defend Lotus amid troubles, Belgian GP: Pastor Maldonado says F1 practice crash 'very unlucky', Belgian GP: Pastor Maldonado says F1 practice crash 'very unlucky' Crashes into the wall by himself at Turn 3 on lap 28. British Grand Prix Top 4 Most Expensive European F1 Races, Win Lewis Hamilton Spanish GP Special Edition Cap, Win Lewis Hamilton China GP Special Edition Cap. At the Brazilian Grand Prix, Maldonado ran into the side of Ericsson. 2008 G. Pantano Asked whether he considered he former team-mate a fair and clean driver, Zuber said, "He was very hard when you fight man-to-man, but never really unfair.". Former Williams driver Maldonado scored the teams most recent victory in 2012 but earned a reputation for bizarre incidents. [75] Despite the damage, Maldonado did not lose pace and was initially able to continue in seventh place; however, during his pitstop the team deemed the damage to be substantial enough to retire the car. He was also disqualified from a GP2 race for disregarding marshals instructions which suggests he doesnt think rationally behind the wheel. Cadillac Eau Rouge WEC shunt was "almost out of a movie scene", Aston Martin seeks permanent F1 DRS solution after lubricant fix in Baku, Aston Martin seeks permanent F1 DRS solution after lubricant fix in Baku Crashes into the wall by himself during qualifying. Top 10 F1 one-hit wonders ranked: Alesi, Maldonado and more, Maldonado claims he was "very close" to a Ferrari F1 deal for 2014, Maldonado claims he was "very close" to a Ferrari F1 deal for 2014 [24] Maldonado finished sixteen points ahead of Barwa Addax's Sergio Prez. [69] He accrued three penalty points on his licence for the infringement, taking his tally to eight within the previous year. [88] In Japan, Maldonado started from outside the top 10, but got up to seventh immediately after the start. He moved to the Piquet Sports team for 2008, his second year in the series. WebHas Maldonado crashed today?? He is the sort of driver who crashes during a showcar demonstration, or veers off the road because he is looking down at his steering wheel. Pastor Maldonado hoped for F1 return after Nico Rosberg retirement, Pastor Maldonado working on plan B for 2017 if F1 impossible, Pastor Maldonado working on plan B for 2017 if F1 impossible He is the sort of driver who keeps the throttle open when an accident starts so that it can only finish in the barriers. In March 2015, before the season started, the Lotus car suffered a brake failure causing him to crash during testing at Catalunya. [61] At the Spanish Grand Prix Maldonado crashed into the wall in the first part of qualifying. Maldonado was later promoted to his first pole position in his Formula One career after Hamilton was excluded from the results of qualifying, due to having insufficient fuel in his car. Crashes into the barrier at Turn 9 by himself in Practice 2. He signed to drive for the ART Grand Prix team during the 2009 season. David Coulthard on the battle between Rosberg and Hamilton. Collides with Kamui Kobayashi on lap 32, runs off track and picks up a puncture. He was nicknamed "Crashtor" and a website called Has Maldonado Crashed Today? He competed in the first round of the 2009 Euroseries 3000 season at the Autdromo Internacional do Algarve for Teamcraft Motorsport to gain experience of the track for the GP2 season finale. At the Bahrain Grand Prix, Maldonado collided with Esteban Gutirrez after making a pit stop, causing Gutirrez's car to roll. But still he drove on, and in his final season in the Championship, the chaos continued, with countless crashes and calamities tarring the Venezuelans name. Crashes hard into the wall at Casino Square by himself in Practice 3. [86] Immediately after the incident, world champion Button took to the radio to say about Maldonado "I should have known, he's mental". The remainder of the season saw no less than five crashes (into debris, Hamilton, Perez, Paul di Resta and Timo Glock) and three penalties at the Belgian Grand Prix. You can revoke your consent at any time via the data protection page.1. Pastor Maldonado confirms F1 exit after losing Renault seat, Kevin Magnussen completes deal to replace Pastor Maldonado, Kevin Magnussen completes deal to replace Pastor Maldonado At the Spanish Grand Prix, Maldonado qualified second, next to Lewis Hamilton on the front row of the grid after strong pace from his Williams car during the race weekend. Four podium finishesincluding a win at Spain the final six races saw him rise to fifth place in the drivers' championship by the end of the season. [76] After two 7th-place finishes in Canada and Austria, Romain Grosjean lost control of his car causing him to crash into his team mate Maldonado on the first lap at Silverstone, causing both Lotus cars to retire. Looking at the average number of penalties received for every 10 races contested, though, Maldonado is fourth, behind last year's Toro Rosso rookies, Carlos Sainz Jr. and Max Verstappen, and new Haas driver Esteban Gutierrez. A great driver like Fangio will take that curve at ninety-nine point nine every single time. Pastor Maldonado: 2015 Lotus Formula 1 car 'not that bad', Maldonado: Lotus must learn from tough 2014 Formula 1 season, Maldonado: Lotus must learn from tough 2014 Formula 1 season (hasmaldonadocrashedtoday.com) submitted 6 years ago by MMcB to r/formula1. At midseason he had two poles and two podiums. Despite the penalty, he managed to finish in the points. During practice for the Chinese Grand Prix in 2014 he also drove off the track while adjusting a setting on his steering wheel. Lotus F1 Team's Pastor Maldonado eyeing first 2015 points in Monaco, Lotus: Pastor Maldonado has to earn his Formula 1 drive on merit, Lotus: Pastor Maldonado has to earn his Formula 1 drive on merit On 15 November, Williams confirmed that Hlkenberg had been dropped from the team's 2011 line-up, and Maldonado was duly announced as his replacement on 1 December. Pastor Maldonado wants an experienced team-mate in F1 in 2016, Pastor Maldonado expects 'great things' from Renault F1 revival, Pastor Maldonado expects 'great things' from Renault F1 revival Maldonado had a questionable driving record before he even reached Formula One. As well as numerous accidents throughout the junior categories he was given a four race ban in the World Series by Renault for ignoring yellow flags and causing an accident that injured a marshal. But he did prove that he was both fast and loose, beating Laudas McLaren to pole position at Long Beach in 1982, and coming within touching distance of various race wins, only to be blighted by mechanical bad luck. [67] At the Australian Grand Prix, Maldonado was hit by Felipe Nasr and crashed out of the race at the second corner of the first lap after he overtook 3 cars at the start and was in 6th position. But it was at Imola that Ide was deemed unsafe to continue in the Championship, after causing a first lap crash with Christijan Albers that sent the Dutchman rolling. Pastor Maldonado rejects Jenson Button's Singapore GP criticism, Lotus F1 team confirms Pastor Maldonado for 2016 season, Lotus F1 team confirms Pastor Maldonado for 2016 season On 21 March 2018, DragonSpeed confirmed that Pastor Maldonado would contest the entire "superseason" of the World Endurance Championship, in the LMP2 category with an Oreca 07,[102] together with Roberto Gonzlez, as well as Nathanal Berthon in the first two rounds, and Anthony Davidson in the rest. Collides with Valtteri Bottas on the last corner of the last lap. Crashes into the back of Esteban Gutierrez after the apex of Turn 1 on lap 48. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 enterF1.com. Maldonado was later penalised for his role in the incident. He was classified third overall, with three race wins, six further podium finishes, and five pole positions.[14][15]. Sadly, he died as he lived, crashing his motorcycle in Rome in October 2014. At the end of second qualifying session in Canada, Maldonado crashed into the infamous Wall of Champions at the end of the lap in which he set the quickest sector 1 time, and was on course to bump Jenson Button out of Q3. Maldonado was not hurt in the crash. This pushed Will Stevens behind him one row down as well, while the 16th slot was left vacant. But even with the victory, Maldonado finished 15th in the 2012 drivers' standings, managing just one more finish above eighth place (fifth in Abu Dhabi). Grosjean is pushed off the track and retires with damage. Pastor Maldonado is a decent enough driver, but his career has been marred by a series of crashes. He then spun out of a very wet race in Canada. In Singapore he qualified second, alongside pole-sitter Lewis Hamilton. [59] Maldonado's engineer was Mark Slade, who previously engineered for Kimi Rikknen. Receives a penalty for doing so. As a result, he was banned from four races in the series and barred for life from the Principality, a punishment that his father reportedly overturned by paying for the marshals treatment.

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