ethnic island ap human geography

* South East Asia They have existed in the United States for centuries and are often considered an important part of the fabric of American culture today. For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a white woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on a poor Asian woman, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. AP Human Geography Syllabus 2015-2016. This century experienced two world wars, multiple civil wars, genocides in Rwanda (Tutsis and moderate Hutus), Sudan, Yugoslavia, and the Holocaust that decimated the Jewish population in Europe during WWII. Most biologists, geographers, and social scientists have all taken an official position rejecting the biological explanations of race. Under apartheid, black South Africans were stripped of their civil rights, and forcibly relocated to areas that segregated them physically from their white compatriots. Trayvon left her home on foot to buy a snack from a nearby convenience store. Involves more than physical characteristics associated with race; also includes a person's perceived social and cultural identity. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. Maine Facts & Significance | What was the U.S.S. This year long class will introduce students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alterations of the Earth's surface. Then tap the card to flip it. A functionalist might look at functions and dysfunctions caused by racial inequality. A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean Islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa. The farther they traveled, the more advanced their navigation became. deep south area that stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier which had the highest concentration of slaves, Regional Cultural Distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland, an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background, a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions, the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization, migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there, letters from immigrants in the United States to frends and relitives in the old country, which spurred further immigration, the mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area, the voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin. This means that 79 percent of either blacks or whites would have to move in order for each neighborhood to have the same racial balance as the whole metro region (Population Studies Center 2010). Group protection can be achieved by a group of people building and supporting their own economy and bolstering other elements of their culture including religion, social causes, or politics. In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited black political and social power. Geographic Data, Spacial concepts, Human-Environmental interaction. This could include forced migration, terror and rape, destruction of villages, and large-scale death. Immigrants often settled in smaller areas in high concentrations and then spread outwards from there. Even if a society managed to eradicate racism from each individuals psyche, society itself would maintain it. Does society fear black men, leading to racial profiling at an institutional level? When entire regions become associated with ethnic or racial aggregations. Historical accounts suggest that between 1824 and 1908, white settlers killed more than 10,000 native Aborigines in Tasmania and Australia (Tatz 2006). For example, ethnic groups such as Irish, Italian American, Russian, Jewish, and Serbian might all be groups whose members are predominantly included in the "white" racial category. Involuntary ethnic enclaves are largely the opposite of voluntary ethnic enclaves. U.S.S. There are Chinatowns across Southeast Asia that have existed for centuries. Many states have enacted laws to disenfranchise immigrants; these laws are popular because they let the dominant group scapegoat a subordinate group. The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a racist organization; its members belief in white supremacy has encouraged over a century of hate crime and hate speech. The United States has a longstanding claim of being a melting pot of cultures. Colorism is another kind of prejudice, in which someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group. 3 x_1+2 x_2+x_3 & \leq 400 \\ to send you a reset link. Contains two ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. Also known as circular migration, The process by which immigrant ethnic groups lose certain aspects of their traditional culture in the process of settling overseas, creating a new culture that is less complex than the old. a small rural area settled by a single, distinctive ethnic group that placed its imprint on the landscape. Like Yemen, there is now growing concern that the civil war will create a nationwide famine. Solve the linear programming problem by using the simplex method Create your account, 17 chapters | The departure of whites from places (like urban neighborhoods or schools) increasingly or predominantly populated by ethnic minorities. Africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. They're Americans, but still unique in ethnic or ancestral national identity. Privacy Policy and Amazon Rainforest Deforestation Causes & Effects | Why Is Deforestation Happening? A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. In 1947, Britain granted self-rule to its former dominions in Southeast Asia, and it was believed that most of the former Raj would become one country, known as India. Report an Error Genocide is usually defined as the intentional killing of large sums of people targeted because of their ethnicity, political ideology, religion, or culture. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the white ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the minority group. Ethnic enclaves are formed in a variety of ways, but occur when people from a common ethnic background move close together in a new country. The 20th Century was also the deadliest century, regarding war, in human history. Historically, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders have been lumped into an umbrella . Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Ethnicity and Geography Ethnicity is important to geographers because its characteristics derive from the distinctive features of particular places on Earth. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Additionally, this century saw regional and civil conflicts such as those experienced in the Congo (6 million people died), as well as an upsurge in child soldiers and modern slavery. For the next five decades, blacks were subjected to legalized discrimination, forced to live, work, and go to school in separatebut unequalfacilities. A relatively small area occupied by a distinct culture or ethnicity, which largely result from chain migration. AP Human Geography Quiz Test 8 . What THREE things are kept in mind when analyzing religious and ethnic groups? Consider the way slave owners justified slavery in the antebellum South, by suggesting that black people were fundamentally inferior to white and preferred slavery to freedom. Ethnicity is a term that describes shared culture the practices, values, and beliefs of a group. Fortunately, many sites offer short quizzes on specific geography topics and regions. Researchers have noticed this as well, although they do have slightly more academic ways to describe it than comparing people to salad toppings. Why? Hitlers intent was clear, and the high Jewish death toll certainly indicates that Hitler and his regime committed genocide. An ethnic group can be described as a group of people who identify themselves as part of a group with a common heritage. While most white people are willing to admit that nonwhite people live with a set of disadvantages due to the color of their skin, very few are willing to acknowledge the benefits they receive. This concept, of course, is problematic. Although a treaty was signed in 2011, the peace is fragile. Process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. However, the primary cause of Native American death was neither slavery nor war nor forced removal: it was the introduction of European diseases and Indians lack of immunity to them. Expulsion refers to a subordinate group being forced, by a dominant group, to leave a particular area or country. The modern state system is engaged in a struggle between the forces of supra-nationalism and devolution. Ethnic neighborhood: An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background. 140 lessons To trace the movement of ethnic groups, what TWO things do geographers focus on? Definition. A suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic group. Studies suggest that darker skinned African Americans experience more discrimination than lighter skinned African Americans (Herring, Keith, and Horton 2004; Klonoff and Landrine 2000). Wilson and Portes's studies discussed the idea that people who immigrate to the United States form communities within a larger, pre-standing community for the purposed of protection. Another example of racist practices is racial steering, in which real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from specific neighborhoods based on their race. On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded, and seven astronauts lost their lives. Social scientists use segregation indices to measure racial segregation of different races in different areas. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Another way to apply the interactionist perspective is to look at how people define their races and the race of others. Like race, the term ethnicity is difficult to describe, and its meaning has changed over time. Stereotypes can be based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation almost any characteristic. To illustrate, here are four examples of how prejudice and discrimination can occur. Create your account. Do Mexican, Somali, or Syrian immigrants always feel welcome outside of enclaves being formed today? Ethnic enclaves are a unique pattern of spatial clustering, in which people of similar backgrounds live in a concentrated area instead of spreading out across an entire city or region. Important because this was the first settlement in Utah. You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they Groups living in involuntary ethnic enclaves often experience challenges to social mobility, income, or employment opportunities, and may face discrimination related to housing, education, and available government support for services and infrastructure. Race, in biological terms, refers to a socially constructed way to identify humans based on physical characteristics, resulting from genetic ancestry. A central challenge in clarifying the existence of an ethnic enclave presents when looking at the definition of ethnicity. Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth. | 15 A section of a city where members of a minority group live due to social, legal or economic pressure. However, for the rest of the year, other aspects of their originating culture may be forgotten. To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity. The development of a new cultural trait as a result of the fusion of two distinct but interacting cultures. Want to create or adapt books like this? Stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people. Agricultural Hearths | Diffusion of Agriculture, Geography & Origins. All right, let's take a moment or two to review what we've learned about ethnic enclaves. View of human nature in Taoism and Confucianism. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Chinese immigrants initially were more widely disbursed in western states, but restrictive laws forced them to relocate, where they formed one of the now most famous Chinatown neighborhoods in the United States. The Mormons settled here. The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to create an ethnically homogenous region. Otherwise, tap the red Don't know box. This culture might include shared language, religion, and traditions, among other commonalities. For best results enter two or more search terms. Thousands of civilians have been killed, with millions more displaced by the violence. However, it can also stand on its own as a destructive group interaction. Upon investigation after the tragedy, experts agreed that the disaster occurred because of leaky rubber O-rings that did not seal properly due to the cold temperature. The indices employ a scale from zero to 100, where zero is the most integrated and 100 is the least. Alternatively, some researchers have instead focused on migrants and people of similar ethnic backgrounds residing in the same communities. federal states B. autonomous republics C. multistate nationsD. Industrial cities like London, Sydney, or New York attracted immigrants from around the world with the promise of economic opportunities. As these communities grew, they found ways to bring the customs, holidays, foods, and even architecture from their homelands into their new neighborhoods. Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems before the civil rights movement. However, we cannot erase discrimination from our culture just by enacting laws to abolish it. BLM Goals, Accomplishments & History | What is the Black Lives Matter Movement? Overt discrimination has long been part of U.S. history. Ethnicity. Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country. The site keeps a . Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. 2x1+2x2+8x3600, x1+3x2+2x36003x1+2x2+x3400x1,x2,x30\begin{aligned} With genocide, the real intent is the death of a group of people at any scale possible until they are extinct. As he was returning, George Zimmerman, a white Hispanic male and the communitys neighborhood watch program coordinator, noticed him. AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. Thus, classifying people by their race with any accuracy is difficult. FRQ #1 This question is concerned with the political geography concepts of supra-nationalism and devolution 1. Racist attitudes and beliefs are often more insidious and harder to pin down than specific racist practices. As you read through these theories, ask yourself which one makes the most sense and why. For example, many stereotypes that are currently used to characterize black people were used earlier in American history to characterize Irish and Eastern European immigrants. Consider how a community might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access. a group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural tradition, often living as a minority in a larger city. All of these tensions and the power vacuum left by Tito opened the door for violence. Amalgamation is the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group. How planned this genocide was remains a topic of contention. In contrast, contemporary geographers reject the entire biological basis of classifying humans because these features are not rooted in specific places. There were allegations of racial profilingthe use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someonea national discussion about Stand Your Ground Laws, and a failed lawsuit in which Zimmerman accused NBC of airing an edited version of the 911 call that made him appear racist. Other researchers have also examined the social and economic structures of ethnic enclaves, or the concentration of economic activity within certain areas that is distinct from those outside of them. Ethnic Provinces. For example, the disproportionate number of black men arrested, charged, and convicted of crimes may reflect racial profiling, a form of institutional racism. However, how do we understand genocide that is not so overt and deliberate? Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. Maximize, P=x1+2x2+3x3\quad P=x_1+2 x_2+3 x_3 What should you do if your ATM or debit card is lost or stolen? At least one study suggested the colorism affected racial socialization, with darker-skinned black male adolescents receiving more warnings about the danger of interacting with members of other racial groups than did lighter-skinned black male adolescents (Landor et al. In fact, the word ghetto originates from the Venetian term for the walled-off part of the city where Jews had to live. \end{aligned} Concentrations of people from the same ethnicity in certain pockets of the city. The social construction of race is also reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. The Chinatown in San Francisco is an example of an ethnic enclave that began involuntarily due to laws that restricted where they could live. Ethnic group. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. So when they arrived they stayed together, moving into communities where people of that ethnicity or nationality already existed. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Enclaves in their current form first started to arise in the 19th century within industrial cities. Voluntary ethnic enclaves refer to areas in which people choose to live together, usually for mutual protection and benefit, while involuntary ethnic enclaves refer to areas where people live together against their will, due to restrictive policies or opportunities. While not an official demographic used or recognized by the United States Census Bureau, Appalachian Americans, due to various factors, have developed their own distinct culture within larger social groupings.Included are their own dialect, music, folklore, and even sports teams as in the case of the Appalachian League.Furthermore, many colleges and universities now grant degrees in . Ethnic enclaves are important parts of the American cultural landscape, especially when considering some of the potential political and moral consequences of actions like redlining, in which people who lived within certain neighborhoods automatically could not qualify for the home loans needed to get out of that ghetto. It was in the midst of the desert of Utah and this is where they set up communities. The 911 operator told Zimmerman not to follow the teen, but soon after Zimmerman and Martin had a physical confrontation. Particularly in the South, these neighborhoods became known as ghettos, as places of forced racial segregation. This forces us to question just how voluntary all of these enclaves were. The concept of an ethnic enclave does imply some degree of choice, but we should acknowledge segregated communities that are formed without choice. Social scientists measure the degree to which immigrants have assimilated to a new culture with four benchmarks: socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language assimilation, and intermarriage. Just as the Italian enclave became known colloquially as Little Italy, each ethnic enclave earned its own moniker amongst the city's residents. An example from the last century is the way Adolf Hitler was able to blame the Jewish population for Germanys social and economic problems. Chain Migration Overview & Examples | What is Chain Migration? Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. For example, when a newspaper identifies by race individuals accused of a crime, it may enhance stereotypes of a particular minority. Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. The success of ethnic enclaves depends on a variety of factors, both historical and present-day, and is connected to the formation of migrant networks. Less geographic isolation results in the mixing of racial groups. Geographic isolation, since the era of colonization and even before then, has significantly decreased in most areas of the world. First off, we learned that an ethnic enclave is a community (generally founded by immigrants) that has maintained strong ethnic or national identity, concentrated tightly within a specific neighborhood. In the ensuing trial, he was found not guilty (CNN Library 2014). Possibly the most well-known case of genocide is Hitlers attempt to exterminate the Jewish people in the first part of the twentieth century. The reasons for this are complex and relate to the educational, criminal, economic, and political systems that exist in our society. Yet by December 2013, fighting between the new government and rebel fighters created a new civil war within the new country. are in the same box the next time you log in. Shared geography, language, and religion can often, but not always, factor into ethnic group categorizations. Today, there are a few situations that may be classified as a genocide. The scenarios above are examples of individual discrimination, but other types exist. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? So, maybe the United States is more like a tossed salad. According to Charles Wagley and Marvin Harris (1958), a minority group is distinguished by five characteristics: (1) unequal treatment and less power over their lives, (2) distinguishing physical or cultural traits like skin color or language, (3) involuntary membership in the group, (4) awareness of subordination, and (5) high rate of in-group marriage. Examples of ethnic enclaves can be found across the world and throughout history, but they really became ubiquitous during the 19th century, with the first major waves of industrialization. When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, tap "retry" to try those cards again. (In fact, many Japanese Americans continued to demonstrate their loyalty to the United States by serving in the U.S. military during the War.)

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